Temporal Trends in Red Blood Cell and Platelet Transfusion Thresholds for Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
In this cohort of US centers, authors observed declines in pretransfusion hemoglobin but not pretransfusion platelet counts from 2019 to 2023. These findings suggest evidence from recent RBC and platelet transfusion threshold trials may have been differentially translated into clinical practice for ELBW infants.
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Ensitrelvir for Covid-19 Postexposure Prophylaxis in Household Contacts
Early initiation of a 5-day oral ensitrelvir regimen within 72 hours after symptom onset in an index patient significantly reduced the risk of developing Covid-19 among household contacts while maintaining a safety profile comparable to placebo. Clinical benefit was observed across major patient subgroups, including individuals at increased risk for severe disease, and treatment was associated with reduced household transmission. These findings support ensitrelvir as an effective postexposure prophylactic option for household contacts and suggest potential utility in other high-risk exposure settings where rapid outbreak control is needed.
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Pharmacogenomic-Informed Antidepressant Prescribing in Australian Primary Care
In this pragmatic double-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in Australian primary care, pharmacogenomic-informed antidepressant prescribing did not improve depressive symptoms compared with prescribing guided by national therapeutic guidelines. Clinical outcomes, medication tolerability, adherence, and quality of life were similar between groups, while cost-effectiveness analyses did not support routine implementation of pharmacogenomic testing in this setting. These findings suggest that broad pharmacogenomic-guided antidepressant prescribing in general practice does not provide additional clinical benefit over guideline-based management, although targeted evaluation in carefully selected patient populations may warrant further investigation.
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Is Cyanoacrylate Fixation Safe for Neonatal IV Access? A Quality Improvement Evaluation of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Securement for Short Peripheral Catheters
Cyanoacrylate fixation can support proactive vascular access care, offering a safe and feasible option to prevent complications rather than reacting to them after they occur. No adverse local effects were observed with cyanoacrylate adhesive, suggesting compatibility with neonatal skin and alignment with the Right Patient, Right Device, and Right Care principles within the 7 Rights of Neonatal Vascular Access.
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Maternal RSV Vaccination, Infant Nirsevimab, or Both
Maternal RSV vaccination and infant nirsevimab immunization, administered either alone or sequentially, were safe and provided high RSV-A and -B nAb titers in infants that persisted through 3 months after delivery. While most infants will not need to receive both products to be protected, our results suggest that maternal RSV vaccination and infant nirsevimab immunization may be safely sequentially administered.
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FDA Approves First Single-Dose Generic Treatment for Influenza
FDA approved the first generic single-dose baloxavir marboxil tablet for influenza in patients aged 5 years and above, ahead of the 20262027 flu season. Approved for both acute uncomplicated influenza treatment (within 48 hours of symptom onset) and post-exposure prophylaxis, this milestone may improve access, affordability, and ease of antiviral use in clinical practice.
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